ACI 336.3RS-93

Covers the design and construction of foundation piers 30 in. (760 mm) in diameter or larger made by excavating a hole in the earth and then filling it with concrete. Smaller diameter piers have been used in non-collapsing soils. The two-step design procedure includes: (1) determination of overall pier size, and (2) detailed design of concrete pier element itself. Emphasis is on the former which involves interaction between soil and pier. Construction methods described include excavation, casing, placement of concrete and reinforcing steel, and installation by the slurry displacement method. Criteria for acceptance are presented along with recommended procedures for inspection and evaluation.