API 4682

Note: This is a withdrawn document. Appendix C of this publication references a website where a free spreadsheet may be downloaded. This spreadsheet is no longer available.

This document addresses the application of proven technologies for recovering free-product petroleum releases to groundwater. An approach is given to optimize free-product recovery for minimal water production and free-product smearing. Information and guidance for design and analysis of free-product recovery systems using trenches, skimmer wells, single- and dual-pump wells, and vacuum-enhanced wells are provided. The principles that govern the distribution and movement of free-product petroleum hydrocarbons near the water table in an unconfined aquifer are reviewed.