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ASTM International, 12/01/2012
Publisher: ASTM
File Format: PDF
$31.00$62.00
Published:01/12/2012
Pages:9
File Size:1 file , 120 KB
Note:This product is unavailable in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
1.1 This guide covers some general information on the selection and application of behavioral methods useful for determining the sublethal effects of chemicals to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates.
1.2 Behavioral toxicity occurs when chemical or other stressful conditions, such as changes in water quality or temperature, induce a behavioral change that exceeds the normal range of variability (1).2 Behavior includes all observable, recordable, or measurable activities of a living organism and reflects genetic, neurobiological, physiological, and environmental determinants (2).
1.3 Behavioral methods can be used in biomonitoring, the determination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations, and the prediction of hazardous chemical impacts on natural populations (3).
1.4 Behavioral methods can be applied to fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates in standard laboratory toxicity tests, tests of effluents, and sediment toxicity tests.
1.5 The various behavioral methods included in this guide are categorized with respect to seven interdependent, functional responses that fish, amphibians, and macroinvertebrates must perform in order to survive. These functional responses include respiration, locomotion, habitat selection, feeding, predator avoidance, competition, and reproduction (4). These responses can be documented visually or through video or acoustic imagery. Electronically recorded information can be derived through manual techniques or through the use of digital image analysis software. (5, 6, 7)
1.5.1 The functional responses are not necessarily mutually exclusive categories. For instance, locomotion, of some form of movement, is important to all behavioral functions.
1.6 Additional behavioral methods for any category may be added when new tests are developed as well as when methods are adapted to different species or different life stages of an organism.
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section Number
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Guide
4
Significance and Use
5
Interferences
6
Test Facility
7
Water Supply
8
Safety Precautions
9
Test Material
10
Test Organisms
11
Responses Measured
12
Behavioral Test Method Selection Criteria
13
Experimental Design
14
Acceptability of Test
15
Calculation of Test Results
16
Report
17
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standar
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